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“Afro-American Artists: New York and Boston,” held at the �������ϲʿ����ֳ�ֱ�� in 1970 and curated by Edmund Barry Gaither, presented recent work by 70 Black artists. Gaither was director and curator of the Museum of the National Center of Afro-American Artists (NCAAA), and special consultant at the �������ϲʿ����ֳ�ֱ�� from 1969 to 2020.

Bowling was deeply skeptical about group exhibitions based on racial identity, like “Afro-American Artists.” He thought these exhibitions were tokenistic and “guilty of that hidden but quite positive decline of standards,” as he put it.