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Following “X to the Fourth Power,” a four-person exhibition coordinated by William T. Williams at the Studio Museum in Harlem earlier in 1969, “5+1” was a counterproposal to large group exhibitions that showcased artists’ work based on perceived racial identity.

“I felt that there was something that I could do about what appeared to be this overwhelming indifference to what Black artists were doing in this area,” Bowling later commented.